Rule 01 too...to
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ too …….. to |
He is too weak to walk. |
| Compound➤ very …….. and |
He is very weak and cannot walk. |
| Complex➤ so …….. that |
He is so weak that he cannot walk. |
Rule 02 to / in order to
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ to / in order to |
I bought a computer to learn typing. |
| Compound➤ and |
I bought a computer and learned typing. |
| Complex➤ so that |
I bought a computer so that I could learn typing. |
Rule 03 In spite of / despite
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ In spite of / despite |
In spite of his being healthy, he is lazy. |
| Compound➤ but |
He is healthy but lazy. |
| Complex➤ though / although |
Though he is healthy, he is lazy. |
Rule 04 Because of
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ Because of |
Because of my illness, I could not present the class. |
| Compound➤ and |
I was ill and could not present the class. |
| Complex➤ since / as |
Since I was ill, I could not present the class. |
Rule 05 Time Prepositions
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ in / on / at / during |
I saw him at the time of playing. |
| Compound➤ and |
I saw him and he was playing. |
| Complex➤ when |
I saw him when he was playing. |
Rule 06 By + Gerund
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ By + gerund (verb+ing) |
By running fast you can win the prize. |
| Compound➤ and |
Run fast and you can win the prize. |
| Complex➤ If |
If you run fast, you can win the prize. |
Rule 07 Without + Gerund
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ Without + gerund (verb+ing) |
Without reading attentively, you cannot pass the exam. |
| Compound➤ or |
Read attentively or you cannot pass the examination. |
| Complex➤ unless / if...not |
If you don’t read attentively, you can’t pass the exam. |
Rule 08 Present Participle
| Structure Keyword |
Example |
| Simple➤ Present participle (verb+ing) |
Opening the window, I threw the bottle. |
| Compound➤ and |
I opened the window and threw the bottle. |
| Complex➤ when |
When I open the window, I threw the bottle. |